{"id":38443,"date":"2025-11-10T15:00:48","date_gmt":"2025-11-10T11:30:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/?p=38443"},"modified":"2025-11-22T09:40:08","modified_gmt":"2025-11-22T06:10:08","slug":"osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062f\u0644 OSI \u0648 TCP\/IP \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u2014 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0644 <strong>OSI<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>TCP\/IP<\/strong> \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0645. \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 (\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062f\u0644 OSI<\/strong>:\u00a0 \u0647\u0641\u062a \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 (\u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u2192 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f) \u2014 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062f\u0644 TCP\/IP<\/strong>: \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 (Network Interface \/ Link \u2192 Application) \u2014 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0644 TCP\/IP \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 OSI \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-38447 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-1.jpg\" alt=\"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 (\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647)\" width=\"640\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-1.jpg 640w, https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-1-300x137.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u06f1. \u0645\u062f\u0644 OSI \u2014 \u0647\u0641\u062a \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 (\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc)<\/h3>\n<p>\u06f1. <strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 1 \u2014 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (Physical)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647: \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0641\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u06cc\u0645).<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627: \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 (Cat5e\/Cat6)\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0628\u06cc\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644: \u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0641\u06cc\u0628\u0631\/SFP\u060c MTU \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a (\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631 fragmentation \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f).<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-38448 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-2.jpg\" alt=\"\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 1 \u2014 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (Physical)\" width=\"640\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-2.jpg 640w, https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-2-300x95.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 2 \u2014 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 (Data Link)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647: \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc MAC\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627: Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)\u060c VLAN (802.1Q)\u060c ARP\u060c STP.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\/\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645: MAC table\u060c collision domains\u060c VLAN mismatch.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-38449 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-3.jpg\" alt=\"\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 2 \u2014 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 (Data Link)\" width=\"640\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-3.jpg 640w, https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-3-300x95.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 3 \u2014 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 (Network)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647: \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc (IP).<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627: IPv4\/IPv6\u060c ICMP\u060c \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc (OSPF, BGP, RIP).<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c: \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a route\u060c ACL\u060c \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a MTU \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-38450 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-4.jpg\" alt=\"\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 3 \u2014 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 (Network)\" width=\"640\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-4.jpg 640w, https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-4-300x95.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 4 \u2014 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 (Transport)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647: \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627-\u0628\u0647-\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 (\u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646).<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627: TCP (\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u06cc)\u060c UDP (\u0633\u0628\u06a9 \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644).<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645: \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0647\u060c Retransmission\u060c MSS.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-38451 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-5.jpg\" alt=\"\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 4 \u2014 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 (Transport)\" width=\"640\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-5.jpg 640w, https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-5-300x95.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 5 \u2014 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a (Session)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647: \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\/\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627 (\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06af \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a (\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f).<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-38452 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-6.jpg\" alt=\"\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 5 \u2014 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a (Session)\" width=\"640\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-6.jpg 640w, https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-6-300x95.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 6 \u2014 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 (Presentation)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647: \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: TLS (\u0647\u0645\u200c\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644)\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0632\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\/\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06af.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-38453 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-7.jpg\" alt=\"\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 6 \u2014 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 (Presentation)\" width=\"640\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-7.jpg 640w, https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-7-300x95.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 7 \u2014 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f (Application)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647: \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\/\u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u061b \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627: HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SMTP, DNS, SSH.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-38454 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-8.jpg\" alt=\"\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 7 \u2014 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f (Application)\" width=\"640\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-8.jpg 640w, https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-8-300x95.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote><p>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647: \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 5-6-7 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\/\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 OSI \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u06f2. \u0645\u062f\u0644 TCP\/IP \u2014 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 (\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc)<\/h3>\n<p>\u06f1. <strong>Link \/ Network Interface<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0644 OSI (Ethernet, Wi-Fi, PPP).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>Internet<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 OSI\u061b \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc: <strong>IP<\/strong> (IPv4\/IPv6).<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641: \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u060c fragmentation (\u062f\u0631 IPv4).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Transport<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>TCP \u0648 UDP.<\/li>\n<li>TCP: \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u060c reliable\u060c ordered.<\/li>\n<li>UDP: \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u0633\u0631\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc DNS, VoIP, Streaming.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Application<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>HTTP, SMTP, DNS, FTP, SSH \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u2014 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-38455 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-9.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u062f\u0644 TCP\/IP \u2014 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 (\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc)\" width=\"640\" height=\"666\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-9.jpg 640w, https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-9-288x300.jpg 288w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/network-reset-windows10-11\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"shortc-button big green \">\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc: \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 10\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 &#8221; \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 10 \u0648 11 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645: \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 &#8221; \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f.<\/a>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u06f3. \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 OSI \u0648 TCP\/IP<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\">OSI (7 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\">TCP\/IP (4 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Application (7)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Application<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Presentation (6)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Application<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Session (5)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Application<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Transport (4)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Transport<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Network (3)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Internet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Data Link (2)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Link\/Network Interface<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Physical (1)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Link\/Network Interface<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u06f4. \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u2014 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 (Encapsulation)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f <code>https:\/\/example.com<\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646<\/strong>: \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06af\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a HTTP \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 TLS \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc -&gt; \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc TLS+HTTP.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644<\/strong>: TCP \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u2014 Header TCP (\u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639\/\u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u0631\u0686\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627) + Payload.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/strong>: IP Header \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f (\u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0627\/\u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\/\u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9<\/strong>: \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0645 Ethernet \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 MAC \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0648 CRC \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0634\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 Header \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 (Decapsulation) \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>ASCII \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre><code>App(Data)\r\n\u2192 [TCP Header | App(Data)]\r\n\u2192 [IP Header | TCP Header | App(Data)]\r\n\u2192 [Ethernet Header | IP | TCP | App]\r\n\u2192 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0645\/\u0641\u06cc\u0628\u0631\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u06f5. \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9<\/strong>: Ethernet, ARP, 802.1Q (VLAN), STP, PPP, Wi-Fi (802.11)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/strong>: IPv4, IPv6, ICMP (ping), IGMP<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644<\/strong>: TCP (3-way handshake), UDP<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646<\/strong>: HTTP\/HTTPS, DNS, SMTP, FTP, SSH, SNMP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>80 HTTP, 443 HTTPS, 53 DNS, 22 SSH, 25 SMTP, 110 POP3, 143 IMAP, 123 NTP, 161 SNMP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u06f6. \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Encapsulation \/ Decapsulation<\/strong>: \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 Header \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647.<\/li>\n<li><strong>MTU \u0648 Fragmentation<\/strong>: \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u061b \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a Fragment \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u0627 TCP \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f (MSS).<\/li>\n<li><strong>NAT<\/strong>: \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u2014 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc IP \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633\/\u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stateful vs Stateless<\/strong>: \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644 stateful \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f (\u0645\u062b\u0644 TCP connection)\u060c stateless \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Three-way handshake (TCP)<\/strong>: SYN \u2192 SYN\/ACK \u2192 ACK. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 SYN flood \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f SYN cookies \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Flow control vs Congestion control<\/strong>: flow control (\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647)\u060c congestion control (\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u06f7. \u0639\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u2014 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc (Practical Troubleshooting)<\/h3>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647: <strong>\u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/strong> \u06cc\u0627 <strong>\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646<\/strong> \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06af\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0628\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0627\u0645:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/strong>: \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c LED \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c SFP\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc CRC\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631: <code>ethtool<\/code>\u060c LED \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\/\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9<\/strong>: \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc VLAN\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a L2\u060c MAC table\u060c ARP.\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a: <code>ip link<\/code>, <code>ip addr<\/code>, <code>bridge<\/code>, <code>show mac address-table<\/code> (\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u0647\u0627), <code>arp -n<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647<\/strong>: \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc IP\u060c route\u060c ICMP.\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a: <code>ip route<\/code>, <code>ping<\/code>, <code>traceroute<\/code>\/<code>tracepath<\/code>, <code>show ip route<\/code>, \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc ACL\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 NAT.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644<\/strong>: \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 TCP\/UDP.\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a: <code>ss -tulpen<\/code>, <code>netstat -anp<\/code>, \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>tcpdump<\/code>\/Wireshark \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc handshake\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627\u06af \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u060c DNS\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc HTTP.\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631: <code>dig<\/code>, <code>nslookup<\/code>, <code>curl -v<\/code>, \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0628\u200c\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\/\u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639: \u0627\u06af\u0631 <code>ping 8.8.8.8<\/code> \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 <code>curl https:\/\/example.com<\/code> \u0646\u0647 \u2014 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 DNS \u06cc\u0627 SSL \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 <code>dig example.com<\/code>\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 <code>curl -v<\/code> \u0648 packet capture.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u06f8. \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><code>ping<\/code> \u2014 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\/ICMP (\u062a\u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc).<\/li>\n<li><code>traceroute<\/code> \/ <code>tracepath<\/code> \u2014 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>tcpdump<\/code> \/ <code>wireshark<\/code> \u2014 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 TCP handshake\u060c retransmission\u060c flags.<\/li>\n<li><code>ss<\/code> \/ <code>netstat<\/code> \u2014 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0648\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><code>ip<\/code>, <code>ifconfig<\/code> \u2014 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 IP.<\/li>\n<li><code>dig<\/code> \/ <code>nslookup<\/code> \u2014 \u062f\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u06af DNS.<\/li>\n<li><code>ethtool<\/code> \u2014 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (speed\/duplex).<\/li>\n<li><code>show ip route<\/code>, <code>show running-config<\/code> (\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u0631\/\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647) \u2014 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647: \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>tcpdump<\/code> \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b <code>tcpdump -i eth0 host 10.0.0.5 and port 443<\/code> .<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u06f9. \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc OSI \u0648 TCP\/IP (\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061f)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>OSI<\/strong> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06f7 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>TCP\/IP<\/strong> \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 (\u06f4 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647) \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc: \u0627\u0632 OSI \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 TCP\/IP \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u06cc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u06f1\u06f0. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc: \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 TCP<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc (\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc: \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0644 \u2192 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9: mismatch speed\/duplex \u2192 retransmission \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u06cc.<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647: ICMP unreachable \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627 NAT \u2192 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644: window too small\u060c retransmission \u06cc\u0627 RST \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u2192 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646: \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0647 (timeout) \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0631 handle connection \u2192 \u0642\u0637\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><code>ethtool<\/code> \u0648 LED\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>ping<\/code> \u0648 <code>traceroute<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><code>ss -s<\/code> \/ <code>tcpdump<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 retransmission \u06cc\u0627 RST.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u06f1\u06f1. \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0648 Best Practices<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 <strong>MTU<\/strong> \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f (Path MTU Discovery).<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 (VoIP\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0626\u0648) \u0627\u0632 <strong>UDP<\/strong> \u0628\u0627 QoS \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 latency\/jitter \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0632 TLS \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f (\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc Presentation\/ \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646).<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc (sampling) \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f (Change control).<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0634\u062a OSI \u2194 TCP\/IP \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/windows-network-troubleshooting-commands\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"shortc-button big green \">\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc: \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 &#8221; \u06f4 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f | \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 &#8221; \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f.<\/a>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u06f1\u06f2. \u0686\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u2014 Cheat-sheet \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f<\/strong> \u2192 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 1\/2<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 IP \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f<\/strong> \u2192 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 3 (route\/NAT)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 TCP \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f<\/strong> \u2192 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 4 (port, firewall, SYN)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u067e \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f<\/strong> \u2192 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 7 (\u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u060c DNS\u060c TLS)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u06f1\u06f3. \u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u0644 OSI \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0645\u062f\u0644 TCP\/IP \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0644 OSI \u0648 TCP\/IP \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0645. \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":38456,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,119],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.4 (Yoast SEO v21.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0645\u062f\u0644 OSI \u0648 TCP\/IP \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u2014 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0646 | \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0642<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fa_IR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0645\u062f\u0644 OSI \u0648 TCP\/IP \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u2014 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0646\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0644 OSI \u0648 TCP\/IP \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0645. \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc &hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0642\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/iranfsopage\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-10T11:30:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-11-22T06:10:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained-Cover.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"780\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"470\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0642\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0642\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/osi-vs-tcpip-model-explained\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0642\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/iranfso.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/909f54e5e49f81924de52a6709a9ae1d\"},\"headline\":\"\u0645\u062f\u0644 OSI \u0648 TCP\/IP \u0628\u0647 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